JLPT N5 Lesson 23: Japanese Verbs Past Tense Negative Forms
「~ใชใใฃใ」- Past Negative Form
In the present tense, when we transform a verb to a negative form, the verb always ends with「~ใชใ」form, and before adding 「ใชใ」with the verb, as you may already know, the stem of the verb also may have some changes. For example, ใใ => ใพใชใ, where「ใ」=> 「ใพ」and then we have added 「ใชใ」to make the negative form of this verb in present tense. However, if you know the negative form of any verb in present tense, then transforming that verb to past negative tense is a pretty easy task, just simply take out the 「ใ」portion from the 「ใชใ」ending, and add 「ใใฃใ」, which means 「ใชใ」will become 「ใชใใฃใ」. This conjugation rules will be applicable to all verbs. The picture above shows some examples of changing Japanese verbs from dictionary-form to 「ใ」form (plain past form), 「ใชใ」form (present negative form) and 「ใชใใฃใ」form (past negative form).Plain Form
More examples - plain (informal) past negative verb conjugation:ใใ (to exist, existance of non-living things) => ใใฃใ => ใชใ => ใชใใฃใ
ใใ (to exist, existance of living things) => ใใฃใ => ใใชใ => ใใชใใฃใ
ใ (verb to be) => ใ ใฃใ => ใงใฏใชใ => ใงใฏใชใใฃใ
ไผ(ใ)ใ (to meet) => ไผใฃใ => ไผใใชใ => ไผใใชใใฃใ
ๅญฆ(ใพใช)ใถ [to learn] => ๅญฆใใ => ๅญฆใฐใชใ => ๅญฆใฐใชใใฃใ
ไผ(ใใ)ใ [to rest] => ไผใใ => ไผใพใชใ => ไผใพใชใใฃใ
่จ(ใ)ใ [to say] => ่จใฃใ => ่จใใชใ => ่จใใชใใฃใ
ๅบ(ใง)ใ [to leave] => ๅบใ => ๅบใชใ => ๅบใชใใฃใ
็(ใ)ใใ [to live] => ็ใใ => ็ใใชใ => ็ใใชใใฃใ
ๅ ฅ(ใฏใ)ใ [to enter] => ๅ ฅใฃใ => ๅ ฅใใชใ => ๅ ฅใใชใใฃใ
่ฒท(ใ)ใ [to buy] => ่ฒทใฃใ => ่ฒทใใชใ => ่ฒทใใชใใฃใ
็ซ(ใ)ใค [to stand] => ็ซใฃใ => ็ซใใชใ => ็ซใใชใใฃใ
่ฉฑใฏใช)ใ [to speak] => ่ฉฑใใ => ่ฉฑใใชใ => ่ฉฑใใชใใฃใ
Note: Please pay more attention to these three verbs: ใใ, ใใ and ใ (polite form:ใใใพใ, ใใพใ, andใงใ ), as the forms of these verbs are a bit tricky.
Example sentences:
ใใใใฏ ใใฎใไฝใ้ฃในใชใใฃใ。= I did not eat anything yesterday.ใชใไปๆฅ(ใใใ)ใฎใใ ใใ ใใใใชใใฃใใฎ? = Why did not you do your homework today?
ใฉใใใฆๆฅ(ใ)ใชใใฃใใฎ？= Why didn't you come?
ใใใใฏใใฎใใใใ่ฆ(ใฟ)ใชใใฃใ。= I did not watch that movie.
ใใใฏใใฎใปใใใใพใชใใฃใ。= He did not read that book
ใใใฏใณใผใใผใใฎใพใชใใฃใ。= This morning (I) did not drink coffee.
Polite Form
In this illustration, the counjucation are shown for some common verbs, to show you how we can convert a 「ใพใ」 form verb into a past tense negative form verb.
More examples - polite (formal) past negative verb conjugation:
ใใใพใ (to exist, existance of things) => ใใใพใใ => ใใใพใใ => ใใใพใใใงใใ
ใใพใ (to exist, existance of living things) => ใใพใใ => ใใพใใ => ใใพใใใงใใ
ใงใ (verb to be) => ใงใใ => ใงใฏใใใพใใ => ใงใฏใใใพใใใงใใ
ไผ(ใ)ใใพใ (to meet) => ไผใใพใใ => ไผใใพใใ => ไผใใพใใใงใใ
ๅญฆ(ใพใช)ใณใพใ [to learn] => ๅญฆใณใพใใ => ๅญฆใณใพใใ => ๅญฆใณใพใใใงใใ
ไผ(ใใ)ใฟใพใ [to rest] => ไผใฟใพใใ => ไผใฟใพใใ => ไผใฟใพใใใงใใ
่จ(ใ)ใใพใ [to say] => ่จใใพใใ => ่จใใพใใ => ่จใใพใใใงใใ
ๅบ(ใง)ใพใ [to leave] => ๅบใพใใ => ๅบใพใใ => ๅบใพใใใงใใ
็(ใ)ใใพใ[to live] => ็ใใพใใ => ็ใใพใใ => ็ใใพใใใงใใ
ๅ ฅ(ใฏใ)ใใพใ [to enter] => ๅ ฅใใพใใ => ๅ ฅใใพใใ => ๅ ฅใใพใใใงใใ
่ฒท(ใ)ใใพใ [to buy] => ่ฒทใใพใใ => ่ฒทใใพใใ => ่ฒทใใพใใใงใใ
็ซ(ใ)ใกใพใ [to stand] => ็ซใกใพใใ => ็ซใกใพใใ => ็ซใกใพใใใงใใ
่ฉฑ(ใฏใช)ใใพใ [to speak] => ่ฉฑใใพใใ => ่ฉฑใใพใใ => ่ฉฑใใพใใใงใใ
Example sentences:
ใใใใฏ ใใฎใไฝใ้ฃในใพใใใงใใ。= I did not eat anything yesterday.ใชใไปๆฅ(ใใใ)ใฎใใ ใใ ใใใใพใใใงใใใ。 = Why did not you do your homework today?
ใฉใใใฆๆฅ(ใ)ใพใใใงใใใ。= Why didn't you come?
ใใใใฏใใฎใใใใ่ฆ(ใฟ)ใพใใใงใใ。= I did not watch that movie.
ใใใฏใใฎใปใใใใฟใพใใใงใใ。= He did not read that book
ใใใฏใณใผใใผใใฎใฟใพใใใงใใ。= This morning (I) did not drink coffee.
This lesson is up to here, hope you have enjoyed it. Thank you.
JLPT N5 Resources: Vocabulary Lists:
- JLPT N5 Resources - Vocabulary List - 01
- JLPT N5 Resources - Vocabulary List - 02
- JLPT N5 Resources - Vocabulary List - 03
- JLPT N5 Resources - Vocabulary List - 04
- JLPT N5 Resources - Vocabulary List - 05
- JLPT N5 Resources - Vocabulary List - 06
- JLPT N5 Resources - Vocabulary List - 07
- JLPT N5 Resources - Vocabulary List - 08
- JLPT N5 Resources - Vocabulary List - 09
- JLPT N5 Resources - Vocabulary List - 10
- Lesson 1: Why Japanese Language
- Lesson 2: JLPT N5 Introduction
- Lesson 3: Hiragana Part 1
- Lesson 4: Hiragana Part 2
- Lesson 5: Katakana Part 1
- Lesson 6: Katakana Part 2
- Lesson 7: Kanji Part 1
- Lesson 8: Japanese Everyday Greetings
- Lesson 9: Japanese Particles Introduction
- Lesson 10: Grammar Time
- Lesson 11: Verb Basic
- Lesson 12 - Vocabulary
- Lesson 13 - Grammar - Verb: Part 2
- Lesson 14 - Kanji - Part 2
- Lesson 15 - Grammar - Verb: Part 03
- Lesson 16 - Grammar: Verb Part 04
- Lesson 17: Telling Time
- Lesson 18: Telling Date
- Lesson 19: Counting
- Lesson 20: Asking Questions
- Lesson 21: Verb Te Form
- Lesson 22: ~TAI vs HOSHII
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