JLPT N5 Lesson 23: Japanese Verbs Past Tense Negative Forms
ใ~ใชใใฃใใ- Past Negative Form
In the present tense, when we transform a verb to a negative form, the verb always ends withใ~ใชใใform, and before adding ใใชใใwith the verb, as you may already know, the stem of the verb also may have some changes. For example, ใใ => ใพใชใ, whereใใใ=> ใใพใand then we have added ใใชใใto make the negative form of this verb in present tense. However, if you know the negative form of any verb in present tense, then transforming that verb to past negative tense is a pretty easy task, just simply take out the ใใใportion from the ใใชใใending, and add ใใใฃใใ, which means ใใชใใwill become ใใชใใฃใใ. This conjugation rules will be applicable to all verbs. The picture above shows some examples of changing Japanese verbs from dictionary-form to ใใใform (plain past form), ใใชใใform (present negative form) and ใใชใใฃใใform (past negative form).Plain Form
More examples - plain (informal) past negative verb conjugation:ใใ (to exist, existance of non-living things) => ใใฃใ => ใชใ => ใชใใฃใ
ใใ (to exist, existance of living things) => ใใฃใ => ใใชใ => ใใชใใฃใ
ใ (verb to be) => ใ ใฃใ => ใงใฏใชใ => ใงใฏใชใใฃใ
ไผ(ใ)ใ (to meet) => ไผใฃใ => ไผใใชใ => ไผใใชใใฃใ
ๅญฆ(ใพใช)ใถ [to learn] => ๅญฆใใ => ๅญฆใฐใชใ => ๅญฆใฐใชใใฃใ
ไผ(ใใ)ใ [to rest] => ไผใใ => ไผใพใชใ => ไผใพใชใใฃใ
่จ(ใ)ใ [to say] => ่จใฃใ => ่จใใชใ => ่จใใชใใฃใ
ๅบ(ใง)ใ [to leave] => ๅบใ => ๅบใชใ => ๅบใชใใฃใ
็(ใ)ใใ [to live] => ็ใใ => ็ใใชใ => ็ใใชใใฃใ
ๅ ฅ(ใฏใ)ใ [to enter] => ๅ ฅใฃใ => ๅ ฅใใชใ => ๅ ฅใใชใใฃใ
่ฒท(ใ)ใ [to buy] => ่ฒทใฃใ => ่ฒทใใชใ => ่ฒทใใชใใฃใ
็ซ(ใ)ใค [to stand] => ็ซใฃใ => ็ซใใชใ => ็ซใใชใใฃใ
่ฉฑใฏใช)ใ [to speak] => ่ฉฑใใ => ่ฉฑใใชใ => ่ฉฑใใชใใฃใ
Note: Please pay more attention to these three verbs: ใใ, ใใ and ใ (polite form:ใใใพใ, ใใพใ, andใงใ ), as the forms of these verbs are a bit tricky.
Example sentences:
ใใใใฏ ใใฎใไฝใ้ฃในใชใใฃใใ= I did not eat anything yesterday.ใชใไปๆฅ(ใใใ)ใฎใใ ใใ ใใใใชใใฃใใฎ? = Why did not you do your homework today?
ใฉใใใฆๆฅ(ใ)ใชใใฃใใฎ๏ผ= Why didn't you come?
ใใใใฏใใฎใใใใ่ฆ(ใฟ)ใชใใฃใใ= I did not watch that movie.
ใใใฏใใฎใปใใใใพใชใใฃใใ= He did not read that book
ใใใฏใณใผใใผใใฎใพใชใใฃใใ= This morning (I) did not drink coffee.
Polite Form
In this illustration, the counjucation are shown for some common verbs, to show you how we can convert a ใใพใใ form verb into a past tense negative form verb.
More examples - polite (formal) past negative verb conjugation:
ใใใพใ (to exist, existance of things) => ใใใพใใ => ใใใพใใ => ใใใพใใใงใใ
ใใพใ (to exist, existance of living things) => ใใพใใ => ใใพใใ => ใใพใใใงใใ
ใงใ (verb to be) => ใงใใ => ใงใฏใใใพใใ => ใงใฏใใใพใใใงใใ
ไผ(ใ)ใใพใ (to meet) => ไผใใพใใ => ไผใใพใใ => ไผใใพใใใงใใ
ๅญฆ(ใพใช)ใณใพใ [to learn] => ๅญฆใณใพใใ => ๅญฆใณใพใใ => ๅญฆใณใพใใใงใใ
ไผ(ใใ)ใฟใพใ [to rest] => ไผใฟใพใใ => ไผใฟใพใใ => ไผใฟใพใใใงใใ
่จ(ใ)ใใพใ [to say] => ่จใใพใใ => ่จใใพใใ => ่จใใพใใใงใใ
ๅบ(ใง)ใพใ [to leave] => ๅบใพใใ => ๅบใพใใ => ๅบใพใใใงใใ
็(ใ)ใใพใ[to live] => ็ใใพใใ => ็ใใพใใ => ็ใใพใใใงใใ
ๅ ฅ(ใฏใ)ใใพใ [to enter] => ๅ ฅใใพใใ => ๅ ฅใใพใใ => ๅ ฅใใพใใใงใใ
่ฒท(ใ)ใใพใ [to buy] => ่ฒทใใพใใ => ่ฒทใใพใใ => ่ฒทใใพใใใงใใ
็ซ(ใ)ใกใพใ [to stand] => ็ซใกใพใใ => ็ซใกใพใใ => ็ซใกใพใใใงใใ
่ฉฑ(ใฏใช)ใใพใ [to speak] => ่ฉฑใใพใใ => ่ฉฑใใพใใ => ่ฉฑใใพใใใงใใ
Example sentences:
ใใใใฏ ใใฎใไฝใ้ฃในใพใใใงใใใ= I did not eat anything yesterday.ใชใไปๆฅ(ใใใ)ใฎใใ ใใ ใใใใพใใใงใใใใ = Why did not you do your homework today?
ใฉใใใฆๆฅ(ใ)ใพใใใงใใใใ= Why didn't you come?
ใใใใฏใใฎใใใใ่ฆ(ใฟ)ใพใใใงใใใ= I did not watch that movie.
ใใใฏใใฎใปใใใใฟใพใใใงใใใ= He did not read that book
ใใใฏใณใผใใผใใฎใฟใพใใใงใใใ= This morning (I) did not drink coffee.
This lesson is up to here, hope you have enjoyed it. Thank you.
JLPT N5 Resources: Vocabulary Lists:
- JLPT N5 Resources - Vocabulary List - 01
- JLPT N5 Resources - Vocabulary List - 02
- JLPT N5 Resources - Vocabulary List - 03
- JLPT N5 Resources - Vocabulary List - 04
- JLPT N5 Resources - Vocabulary List - 05
- JLPT N5 Resources - Vocabulary List - 06
- JLPT N5 Resources - Vocabulary List - 07
- JLPT N5 Resources - Vocabulary List - 08
- JLPT N5 Resources - Vocabulary List - 09
- JLPT N5 Resources - Vocabulary List - 10
- Lesson 1: Why Japanese Language
- Lesson 2: JLPT N5 Introduction
- Lesson 3: Hiragana Part 1
- Lesson 4: Hiragana Part 2
- Lesson 5: Katakana Part 1
- Lesson 6: Katakana Part 2
- Lesson 7: Kanji Part 1
- Lesson 8: Japanese Everyday Greetings
- Lesson 9: Japanese Particles Introduction
- Lesson 10: Grammar Time
- Lesson 11: Verb Basic
- Lesson 12 - Vocabulary
- Lesson 13 - Grammar - Verb: Part 2
- Lesson 14 - Kanji - Part 2
- Lesson 15 - Grammar - Verb: Part 03
- Lesson 16 - Grammar: Verb Part 04
- Lesson 17: Telling Time
- Lesson 18: Telling Date
- Lesson 19: Counting
- Lesson 20: Asking Questions
- Lesson 21: Verb Te Form
- Lesson 22: ~TAI vs HOSHII
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